It's so quiet in the city. Are summer weekends always like this？ That's because everyone's left for the countryside to escape the heat. Except for us. But we have the whole city to ourselves. And the weather couldn't be any better! Is it my imagination that the air seems cleaner？
"Every language is a special way of looking at the world and interpreting experoence―concealed in the structure of each different language are whole set of unconscious assumptions about the world and life in it."
482 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/07(金) 14:43:07 ]
よろしくお願いします。 Hereditary contributions to development can be observed at many levels. Figure 3.1 depicts five major levels. Nearly every cell in the human body carries the genetic blueprint for development in the chromosomes. Spesific regions on each chromosome, the genes, regulate protein and enzyme production and can be further examined in terms of the nucleotides, chemical molecules that are the building blocks for the genes. Each of these different levels of the individual's biological mekeup can offer insights into the mechanisms by which the genotype affects the phenotype, the observable expression of traits and behaviors.
①"I've been dreaming of developing a robot that can help people",Kisoi Motohiro had said to his professor. ②"I want to design a robot that can solve our problems in the way Doraemon does." ③He had been a 23-year-old student of robot technology at Kobe University at that time. ④Unfortunately,however,he was killed in the 1955 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. ⑤He was found dead with a stuffed Doraemon doll,a gift from his girlfriend. ⑥Prof.Matsuno Fumitoshi was really shocked to hear about the death of his student. ⑦He remembered the time when Motohiro had spoken about his dream. ⑧He said to himself,"If Motohiro had survived the desaster,he would have become a really good researcher". ⑨He wondred if he could do anything to make Motohiro's dream come true.
The Ever-Flowing River Electrical energy, essential in any modern society, is delivered through metal wires, most commonly made of copper. Materials like copper that allow electricity to pass through them are called conductors. An electrical current is caused by the movement of electrons through the wire. Electrons in the outer layer of atoms in the wire move from atom to atom, creating an electric current. What causes them to move is an electrical potential difference between different parts of the metal. This is similar to the way a river flows downhill because of the gravitational potential difference between the top of the hill and the bottom. As electrons move through a conductor, they bump into its atoms and lose some of their energy. This can be compared to the way a rocky river bed slows down the water flowing over it. The lowest temperature possible is minus 273 degrees Celsius(℃), or zero degrees kelvin(K). In the early 20th century, a Dutch scientist, Heike Onnes, investigated the effect of the temperature of a metal wire on how it conducted electricity. He found that in a mercury wire at 4.2K (the same as minus 269℃), electricity flowed without losing any energy. In another experiment using a lead wire at 4K, he started an electric current, removed the source of the current, and found that the current was still flowing at the same strength a year later. This could be compared to a river that keeps flowing on a flat surface without the effect of gravity. Heike Onnes called this state superconductivity, and materials in this state are called superconductors. Onnes was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913.
Voyager Reading Course NEW EDITION Lesson8 EthnocentrismのPart.1です。
Culture shock can be very good lesson in relative values and in understanding human differences. The reason culture shock occurs is that we are not prepared for these differnces. Because of the way we are taught our culture, we are all ethnocentric. This term is made up of the Greek root "ethnos", meaning a peopleor a group, and "centric", meaning the center or
middle of something. Thus, it refers to the fact that our outlook or world view is centered on our own way of life. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own patterns of behavior are the best; the most natural, beautiful, right, or
important. Therefore, other people, to the extent that they live differntly, are perceived as living by standards that are
inhuman, unnatural or wrong.
Ethnocenrism is the view that one's own culture better than all others; it is the way all people feel about
themselves as compared to those from other cultures. There is no one in our society who is not ethnocenrtric to some degree, no natter how open-minded he or she might
claim to be. People will always find some aspect of another culture unnatural, be it religious practies, a way or treating friends
or relatives, or simply a food that they cannot manage to get down with a smile. This is not something we should be ashamed of, since it is a natural result of growing up in any society. However, it is something we should constantly keep in mind when we study other cultures, so that when we try to make
value judgements about another way of life, we can look at the situation objectively and take our bias into account.
Culture shock can be very good lesson in relative values and in understanding human differences. The reason culture shock occurs is that we are not prepared for these differnces. Because of the way we are taught our culture, we are all ethnocentric. This term is made up of the Greek root "ethnos", meaning a peopleor a group, and "centric", meaning the center or middle of something. Thus, it refers to the fact that our outlook or world view is centered on our own way of life. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own patterns of behavior are the best; the most natural, beautiful, right, or important. Therefore, other people, to the extent that they live differntly, are perceived as living by standards that are inhuman, unnatural or wrong.
Ethnocenrism is the view that one's own culture better than all others; it is the way all people feel about themselves as compared to those from other cultures. There is no one in our society who is not ethnocenrtric to some degree, no natter how open-minded he or she might claim to be. People will always find some aspect of another culture unnatural, be it religious practies, a way or treating friends or relatives, or simply a food that they cannot manage to get down with a smile. This is not something we should be ashamed of, since it is a natural result of growing up in any society. However, it is something we should constantly keep in mind when we study other cultures, so that when we try to make value judgements about another way of life, we can look at the situation objectively and take our bias into account.
工業系の英語が多く使われていますがよろしくお願いします。 crystalline:結晶質 unit cell:単位格子 translation:並進 です。 図1.1はアップできないですがよろしくお願いします。
All crystalline materials adopt, inthe solid state, a regular distribution of atomes or ions in space. The simplest portion of the structure which is repeated by translation, and shows its full symmetry, is defined as the unit cell. In a two-demensional array of ions, such as that shown in Fig. 1.1, the unit cell consists of a parallelogram. Any parallelogram may be chosen as a unit cell provided that translation along either of the cell directions repeats exactly the chosen unit. However, the unit cell is normally selected to be the simplest of these repeating units. Hence, in Fig. 1.1, the unit cell could be chosen as A for which displacements parallel to either edge of the square by the demension of the unit cell produce a new position which is indistinguishable, in terms of cell content and environment, from the original. The parallelogram B is also a suitable choice for the unit cell as it has the same area as A and shows the full translation symmetry. Square D would also be an acceptable choice of unit cell in terms of demonstrationg the translational symmetry of the array, but is larger than A and B. However, parallelogram C is not a unit cell as translation parallel to one side by the length of the parallelogram places a corner originally at a ■ site on a ○ site; that is, the 'cell' does not show the translational symmetry of the ion array.
495 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/08(土) 16:09:41 ]
It’s costly for people to keep up with technology, and it can also be intimidating. For those who grew up not using computers, the new technology can be confusing and difficult to learn. Though the Internet has proven to be invaluable in providing people equal access to ideas, many still remain excluded from and unempowered by the new information culture.
Sharing the fascination with difference that white people have collectively expressed openly (and at times vulgarly) as they have traveled around the world pursuit of the other and otherness, black people, especially those living during the historical period of racial apartheid and legal segregation, have similarly maintained steadfast and ongoing curiosity about the ghosts, the barbarians these strange apparitions they were forced to serve.
どなたかお願いします。 During the 19th century, there were several gold rushes in various parts of the world. Gold would be discovered, often by accident, then as news of the discovery got out, thousands, sometimes hundreds of thousands of people would rush to the area to search for gold. This is the origin of the name, “gold rush.” They would travel to remote parts of the world and live in terrible conditions in the hopes of becoming rich. However, these gold rushes would generally last just a few years before the gold which was easy to get ran out. The first and most famous was the California gold rush. It started in 1849, when it became known that gold had been discovered near San Francisco. More than 250,000 people from all over the world came to California, hoping to get rich. A few did, of course, but most either turned to other jobs or went on to other gold fields. Of those who stayed, many made fortunes in other areas. Selling goods and food to miners was profitable. Even more profitable was agriculture, and many of the former miners turned to raising crops or cattle. In this way, the gold rush changed the history of California and the whole Western United States.
505 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/08(土) 22:56:12 ]
続きです。 In 1851, gold was discovered in New South Wales, Australia, by an Australian who had been in the California gold fields. Again, miners went there in great numbers. The search for gold expanded to other parts of Australia and, over the next forty years, gold rush fever spread as gold was discovered in various parts of Australia. The last big gold rush was the Klondike gold rush in Alaska. It started in 1896, when three people found gold and in eight days mined over two kilograms of the precious metal. Soon the numbers grew to thousands as the news spread. But by 1899, the gold rush was over. The discovery of gold has often had a great (advance, development, influence, levelのどれか) one the history and economy of the places where it was found. Many people were brought to the area where it was discovered and often they stayed and settled there. The economy was developed both by the mining of gold and the selling of supplies to the miners. Thus, the discovery of gold has changed many countries.
506 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/08(土) 22:57:59 ]
504,505の問題です。 答えを教えていただけるとありがたいです。
ran outとほぼ同じ意味のものを１つ選択 ① had become impossible ② was completely exhausted ③ was rushed ④ had passed time
the gold rush changed the history of California and the whole Western United Statesと内容の一致するものを１つ選択 ① Even more than the agricultural workers, the cattle ranchers developed and changed the history of an area. ② Selling goods and food to miners was not profitable for the economy. ③ The gold rush was actually very profitable for everyone. ④ The economy was developed by miners who stayed and changed their jobs.
本文の内容と一致しないものを２つ選択 ① Gold rush fever is dangerous illness which killed many miners. ② The California gold rush was noted for its small size at the beginning. ③ The Australian gold rush was started by miner who had taken part in the first gold rush. ④ The Alaskan gold rush did not last as long as the Australian gold rush. ⑤ If there is a gold rush, the economy tends to be developed in two ways.
>>506のこたえ ran outとほぼ同じ意味のものを１つ選択 ② was completely exhausted
the gold rush changed the history of California and the whole Western United Statesと内容の一致するものを１つ選択 ④ The economy was developed by miners who stayed and changed their jobs.
本文の内容と一致しないものを２つ選択 ① Gold rush fever is dangerous illness which killed many miners. ② The California gold rush was noted for its small size at the beginning.
All crystalline materials adopt, inthe solid state, a regular distribution of atomes or ions in space. すべての結晶質の物質は、固体状態のとき、空間に原子かイオンの規則的な分布をとります。 The simplest portion of the structure which is repeated by translation, and shows its full symmetry, is defined as the unit cell. 並進で繰り返され、完全な対称を示す構造の最も簡単な部分は単位格子と定義される。 In a two-demensional array of ions, such as that shown in Fig. 1.1, the unit cell consists of a parallelogram. 図1.1に示される二次元のイオンの配列では、単位格子は平行四辺形からなります。 Any parallelogram may be chosen as a unit cell provided that translation along either of the cell directions repeats exactly the chosen unit. 格子の方向のいずれかに沿った並進が、正確に選ばれた単位を繰り返すならば、どんな平行四辺形も単位格子に選ばれるかもしれません。 However, the unit cell is normally selected to be the simplest of these repeating units. しかしながら、単位格子はこれらの繰り返される単位の最も単純なものになるように通常は選択されている。
515 名前：494 mailto:sage [2008/11/09(日) 01:00:19 ]
Hence, in Fig. 1.1, the unit cell could be chosen as A for which displacements parallel to either edge of the square by the demension of the unit cell
produce a new position which is indistinguishable, in terms of cell content and environment, from the original. したがって、図1.1では、単位格子 The parallelogram B is also a suitable choice for the unit cell as it has the same area as A and shows the full translation symmetry. Aと同じ面積を持ち、完全な並進対象を示しているように、平行四辺形Bもまた単位格子の適当な選択である。 Square D would also be an acceptable choice of unit cell in terms of demonstrationg the translational symmetry of the array, but is larger than A and B. 正方形Dもまた、配列の並進対称を証明できる条件のとき単位格子の選択の条件を満たしているが、AとBより大きいです。 However, parallelogram C is not a unit cell as translation parallel to one side by the length of the parallelogram places a corner originally at a ■
site on a ○ site; that is, the 'cell' does not show the translational symmetry of the ion array. しかしながら、長さに基づく一方の平行な並進が平行四辺形の元々○の場所に■が角をみなすとき平行四辺形Cは単位格子ではありません。 すなわちセルはイオン配列の並進対称を示しません。
The second important discovery about superconductors was made in 1933 in Germany by Walter Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld. They discovered that a magnet moving past a superconductor will be repelled by it, and will actually float above the superconductor. This is called the Meissner Effect. It was not until 1956 that three American scientists, John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer, developed a theory to explain superconductivity. The theory (known as the "BCS theory" for the initials of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer) is very complicated and is still not perfect. Think of a car speeding down a highway. A car traveling right behind it can speed along in the partial vacuum created by the first car without using as much energy as the first car. In superconductivity, electrons pair up in the same way. A second electron follows a first electron through a conductor without using much energy at all. The use of superconductors to transmit electricity could save an enormous amount of energy. As electrical energy travels through the metal wires we now use, a lot of it is wasted as heat. This would be greatly reduced through the use of superconductors. The Meissner Effect could be used in transportation to develop fast trains using electromagnets that float on superconductors, with no energy wasted due to friction. Trials have been done in Japan of prototypes of trains that use this method. Computer chips waste a lot of energy by converting electricity to heat, and superconductors could solve this problem. No doubt there are many other possibilities that we can't even imagine at the moment.
超電導体について２番目に重要な発見はドイツでWalter Meissner とRobert Ochsenfeld によって１９３３年になされた。彼らは超電導体を通過する磁力は（超伝導体に）撥ね つけられ、実際のところ超伝導体の上に浮かび上がるということを発見した。 これはMeissner効果と呼ばれている。１９５６年になって初めて、３人の科学者、 John Bardeen,とLeon Neil Cooper とJohn Robert Schriefferが、超電導を説明する 理論を発展させたのだった。この理論（Bardeenと Cooper と Schriefferの頭文字 の「ＢＣＳ理論」として知られている）は、とても複雑で、今現在、まだ、完成の状態 ではない。
Traveling is my favorite hobby. When I tell people that I have traveled throughout Asia, Australia, America and Europe, they think that I must be wealthy. But it’s not so. It’s worth remembering that you don’t need to be rich to travel the world. If you want to travel cheaply, it helps to have a lot of time. On a very short trip, for example, flying often becomes a necessity, and you are pre-vented from using cheaper, slower means of transport such as trains and fer-ries. On a short trip you don’t want to waste precious time looking for accommodation, and so it’s easy to end up staying in expensive hotels. But with more time you can search out pleasant and cheap alternatives, such as youth hostels and small, family-run guesthouses. Eating out needn’t be an expense if you avoid the five-star restaurants. Often you don’t need to go to a restaurant at all-a trip to the local super-market and a picnic in a well- chosen spot can be just as satisfying and interest-ing! You don’t need to spend a lot of money on entertainment either. Museums and art galleries are cheap, and parks and window-shopping are free. Whenever I travel I love just sitting in a café, watching the world go by. It goes without saying that traveling cheaply can be uncomfortable. But I’m sure that you get much more of a “feel” for the local atmosphere, and many more chances to meet local people, than if you’re being whisked around in an air-conditioned tour bus from one international hotel to another.
The bats seem to know which of their companions are in need of food, but they do not feed just any bat that happens to be hungry. They choose to feed relatives, such as their mothers and daughters, and they also pick out particular unrelated individuals that fed them in the past.
They do not feed bats they do not know, nor do they feed every member of their own colony. Of course, to give food to young members is not at all an unusual thing among animals. Many species feed their young, often at a great cost to themselves. But to feed a completely unrelated individual as these bats do is almost unheard of. What possible benefit could the feeder bat get from saving another bat from hunger? Are animals unselfish after all? プロビジョンレッスン９パート２後半よろしくお願いします
When we first met Marco Antonio and his wife Alma, a former surgical nurse, they were living in a two-story, cement-block apartment outside Cuernavaca, 50 miles south of Mexico City, and operating a changarro―a mini convenience store―on the ground floor Marco Antonio had been laid off from his job at a brewerya a few years earlier and couldn't find another one. Having no savings and no alternative, the couple opened their own little store, which at first carried only 10 or 15 items―pork rinds, sausages, candies, Coca-Cola, and deli foods. With Marco Antonio and Alma splitting the shop keeping, they increased their selection and hung a television from the ceiling of the tiny store to help pass the time between customers. The family ate their meals together behind the counter― a common sight in Mexico's thousands of family-owned shops.
this switch to ‘voluntary simplicity'often leaves them with not only more free time but,surprisingly,also more money than before. 単語の意味を調べてみても上手く日本語にする事ができません;; よろしくお願いします。
It sholdn't be because there are fewer cars today. (looking at the river)If only the river was as clean! Now that you mention it,it is very dirty! People should have more regard for the environment. The least we can do is to stop dumping garbage.
It sure did. She has been patrolling the house ever since. What does she do？ She inspects the kitchen and bathroom cabinets. She then points out wasteful packaging. So she's started a grass roots movement at home. Yes. She once caught me throwing away this CD package. The package is a waste. Well,she lectured me for an hour on unnecessary packaging! We adults have to practice what we preach.
I am trying to reproduce a mode of perception ―a way of seeing through a way of talking― figuring the world through dialogue that comes alive with sudden transformative force in the crannies of everyday life’s pauses and juxtapositions, as in the kittens of the Putumayo or in the streets around the church in the Nina Maria. It is always a way representing the world in the round-about “speech” of the collage of things…. It is a mode of perception that catches on the debris of history.
After my search on the Internet,Ｉ feel happy to continue eating a little chocolate.And I hope my sweetie will be sweet to me by giving me my favorite sweet on Valentine's Day!
>>556 和訳ありがとうございます。参考にさせていただきます！ How to read culturesという教科書です。何とか意味をつかむことができました。 本当に助かりました。
564 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/11(火) 19:30:43 ]
By the middle of the 18th century, the company had become so rich and powerful that it had a private army financed entirely from its own profits. Even though it was officially a private company, the British government used it to extend British power and influence in India. Effectively, it had become the unofficial representative of the British state. In 1773, the British Parliament decided to establish more formal control over India and sent a Governor to be its official representative. After this, the company began to lose political and commercial control of India. The market for Indian cotton declined. The company tried to make up for their losses by trading Chinese tea, but profits were lower. Also, because of the growing size of Britain's territories in India, administration costs became very expensive. The company also had critics. Other merchants criticized its monopoly rights, and the company lost these in 1813. Also, others criticized the company from a humanitarian point of view. The company stopped operating in 1873. お願いします
Linear presentation has necessary effects on questions of priority between news items. The mosaic newspaper page has its own techniques of catching attention and indicating relative importance, but these are to a certain extent subject to the reader’s capacity to find own way through. The broadcast news bulletin thus tends to retain more apparent editorial control of priority and attention. It is impossible to estimate the effects of this without looking at what had happened to priorities in different kinds of newspaper. In Britain, for example, a comparison of lead stories… showed marked variations of priorities in different kinds of paper. A further comparison with broadcast bulletins showed that broadcasting priorities were, on the whole, those of minority press. In the United States the press situation is different, but the general point still holds. The world-view indicated by the selection and relative priority of news items is very similar as between broadcast bulletins and those minority newspapers which are written by and for the relatively highly educated. The distribution of interests in the more popular press, which supposedly follows the interests of its characteristic readers, is hardly to be found anywhere in the broadcast news, although very similar definitions of what is popular and interesting tend to predominate in the non-news programming.
569 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/11(火) 22:42:53 ]
>>568 In summary, Say No to FOX news! And whatever that News Corp runs....
570 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/11(火) 22:45:26 ]
続きです。
The effects of this are complex. It can be said that the broadcast bulletins impose certain priorities, and that among these are characteristic definitions of high politics, with a centralizing emphasis on the acts and words of political leaders. Yet, though this is in general true, the national television news bulletins provide more public news than all but a very few newspapers. More-over, the provide this to a very wide public, in ways that would not happen if we had only a “minority” and “popular” press. In Britain until the Second World War, the broadcast announcer was an anonymous authoritative (ruling-class) voice. Personal identification was introduced only as a security measure under the threat of invasion and capture of the stations. In television personal identification has become more marked, though in BBC bulletins it is still only lightly emphasized, while in ITN bulletins the formula is “the news with…” and then names of the readers. This is also a common formula in American newscasts, but there is additionally, as in most American television, immediate self-introduction.
①Professor Matsuno noticed that rescue teams were having difficulty finding survivors after the earthquake. ②He wished he could help.Then on idea came to him. ③He realized perhaps he could make Motohiro's dream come ture. ④So he started developing rescue robots. ⑤Later,many other researchers around the world also took up the callenge. ⑥The work continued for some years. ⑦In 2001,rescue robots were used in a real disaster for first time. ⑧It was when the World Trade Center in New York was attacked. ⑨The robots crawled through the rubble seaching for missing people. ⑩Although no survives were discovered,the robots found about ten dead bodies. ⑪They could enter spaces too small or too dangerous for humans or search dogs. ⑫Moreover,they had special sensors which enabled them to gather more information than humans could.
There are several theories about why dinosaurs disappeared. One popular theory is the climatic change theory. This theory argues that climatic changes caused the dinosaurs to become extinct. Sixty-five million years ago,the climate of the world gradually became colder. As the earth became colder,fewer plants were able to grow. The cold weather resulted in a severe food shortage for the dinosaurs,because most dinosaurs were vegetarians and they depended on plants for food. In summary,then,the disappearance of dinosaurs was directly caused by a shortage of food,but,it was indirectly caused by climatic changes. According to the climatic change theory,dinosaurs disappeared slowly as their food supply dwindled.
Today there is new evidence for the theory that dinosaurs did not disappear gradually,but that they disappeared quickly and suddenly. This theory is known as the asteroid theory. According to this theory,an asteroid or a comet hit the earth 65 million years ago and caused a huge dust cloud. The dust cloud blocked the sun for months. As a result,most of the plants on earth died very quickly and dinosaurs' food supply was destroyed. Although the asteroid theory itself is not new,evidence for the theory is new. Scientists found large amounts of iridium in layers of earth that are 65 million years old. The bones of the last dinosaurs are found in the same layers. Since iridium is rare on earth but often found in space,an asteroid or a comet may have brought the iridium to earth. Scientists continue to debate the two theories: the climatic theory and the asteroid theory. In the future,evidence may be found that supports a totally new theory of why dinosaurs died out.
よろしくお願いします。
578 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/12(水) 23:31:16 ]
I'm only a child and I don't have all the solutions,but I want you torealize that you don't, either! You don't know how to fix the ozone hole. You don't know how to bring salmon back to a dead river. You don't know how to bring back an extinct animal. If you don't know how to fix it, please stop breaking it! I'm only a child, yet I know we are all part of a family of 30 million species, and we all share the same air, water, and ground - borders and governments will never change that. I'm only a child, yet I know we are all in this huge family and should act as one single world towards one single goal. In my anger, I am not losing control, and in my fear, I am not afraid to tell the world how I feel. In my country, we make so much waste. We buy and throw away, buy and throw away. And yet northern countries will not share with the needy. Even when we have more than enough, we are afraid to lose some of our wealth, afraid to share.
