>>299 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabelian_geometry Not to be confused with Noncommutative geometry. Anabelian geometry is a proposed theory in mathematics, describing the way the algebraic fundamental group G of an algebraic variety V, or some related geometric object, determines how V can be mapped into another geometric object W, under the assumption that G is very far from being an abelian group, in a sense to be made more precise. The word anabelian (an alpha privative an- before abelian) was introduced in Esquisse d'un Programme, an influential manuscript of Alexander Grothendieck, circulated in the 1980s.
While the work of Grothendieck was for many years unpublished, and unavailable through the traditional formal scholarly channels, the formulation and predictions of the proposed theory received much attention, and some alterations, at the hands of a number of mathematicians. Those who have researched in this area have obtained some expected and related results, and in the 21st century the beginnings of such a theory started to be available.
Formulation of a conjecture of Grothendieck on curves The "anabelian question" has been formulated as“how much information about the isomorphism class of the variety X is contained in the knowledge of the etale fundamental group?” A concrete example is the case of curves, which may be affine as well as projective. Suppose given a hyperbolic curve C, i.e. the complement of n points in a projective algebraic curve of genus g, taken to be smooth and irreducible, defined over a field K that is finitely generated (over its prime field), such that 2 ? 2g ? n < 0. Grothendieck conjectured that the algebraic fundamental group G of C, a profinite group, determines C itself (i.e. the isomorphism class of G determines that of C). This was proved by Shinichi Mochizuki. 以下略
