Part2 This grid, known as Hermann's Grid, is an example of how contrast affects color perception. Imagine the Hermann Grid as a map of city streets; most crossings appear to be gray, but when you look closely at any individual crossing, you will see that it is white. The streets, on the other hand, appear white no matter where you look. This illusion depends on high contrast black and white areas to fool the eyes into perceiving gray areas. The perception of gray crossings is a result of local brightness control in the retina. Cells in your retina set the brightness of an image by the intensity of the light signal. But your brain can set the brightness of an image in many small parts. Setting brightness in small parts lets you see a wide range of both bright and dark parts in the same image. In Zollner's illusion of direction, parallel lines appear to be bent when other lines cross them at an angle. The illusion disappears when the image is held far enough away from the eye to distinguish the short crossing lines. Some scientists say that face recognition is performed by a particular section of the brain. To the brain, this image of Lincoln's face looks normal when viewed upside down, but when turned around it becomes distorted. This is because our brains recognize a face only when it is right side up. When it is presented upside down, the brain no longer recognizes it as a face but rather as an object, and this is why we do not respond to its distortions.
上の続きです Part3 Let us think about the various functions of the brain. Once, photographs of Americans expressing various emotions were shown to the Fore people in New Guinea. They readily recognized most of the expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, disgust, fear and surprise. These six emotions are themselves universal. Some emotional triggers are universal as well. For example, when something unexpectedly comes into your field of vision, you will be frightened. But most emotional triggers are learned. The smell of newly mowed hay will generate different emotions in someone who spent peaceful childhood summers in the country and someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm. Once such an emotional association is made, it is difficult to unmake it. But we can learn to manage our emotions better. Another interesting thing is the relationship between the brain and fear. For example, many people fear big snakes and run away because they feel danger. But a baby usually doesn't feel afraid of a big snake, even if he or she is placed right next to it. This may have something to do with the primary brain and its fear response to such dangers. It seems likely that there is a tendency in the primary brain to fear natural phenomena that can hurt us, but no tendency to learn to fear something that will not. But this tendency is influenced by social experience. Therefore, there is a good chance the baby will begin to fear snakes after watching other humans react to them.
Vivid Reading Lesson5 A Run for Women's Equality Resson3です 明日までに訳さないといけないので、急ではありますがどなたか宜しくお願い致します。
The women's 800-meter race began. Hitomi ran fast. She was in third place 200 meter from the goal. Just then, something happened. Another athlete bumped into Hitomi. She began to fall behind. Hoewver, she wouldn't be beaten. She got her balance again and ran desperately. In no time, she was running close behind Lina Radke from Germany, wha was leading the race. Radke looked back and was surprised to find Hitomi close behind her. She ran faster and Hitomi followed her. They reached the goal one after the other. Radke won the goal and Hitomi the silver. The two were too exhausted to remain standing. The New York Evening Post printed an article titled, "A mistaken idea about Japanese women." It said that nothing surprised them but Hitomi Kinue, who had won a silver medal in the women's 800-meter race. They said, "We still think of Japanese women as beautifully dressed in kimono, and busy with flower arrangements and tea ceremonies. Hitomi Kinue changed out view of Japanese women. We had had a wrong view of them."
In some respects the whisperers are right. Wen foreigners first arrive, they usually can't speak Japanese and often don't understand how things are done here. However, that doesn't mean that they can't learn both the language and the culture if they're given time and encouragement.
Amid the widespread fear of foreigners, it's worth keeping in mind that everybody on this planet is either an immigrant or a descendant of immigrants. Even the Japanese people had to come from somewhere. Setting creation myths aside, it's safe to say that today's Japanese are themselves descended from long-ago immigrants from the north, west, and south.
313 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/10/28(火) 21:03:55 ]
↑の続きです。
Have modern Japanese society, culture, and language somehow completed their development and reached a state of perfection? Must we protect them from contamination by the new ideas and new blood that a wave of foreign immigration would bring? Few people would dare to make such a claim directly. There are, however, plenty of people who would express almost the same idea in different words: "I don't mind foreigners' coming here to live as long as they're willing to do things the Japanese way." That would mean turning their backs on their native cultures, essentially trying to forget everything that had happened in their lives until the moment they stepped off the plane onto Japanese soil. As well as being nearly impossible, such a complete abandonment of their cultures would be a waste of valuable life experiences.
The bottom line is that immigration can enrich everybody or divide everybody, depending on how it's handled. If we look down on foreigners because they don't know how to do things "in the Japanese way," we'll keep a distance between them and us, and that will help nobody. In that scenario, there will be a two-tiered society, with foreigners likely to be on the lower level, doing most of the work, and Japanese on the upper level, telling them what to do.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided human intellectual activities into three kinds : practical, artistic, and theoretical. When we concern ourselves consciously with language at all, this concern is usually of a practical sort, directed at learning or teaching a language, deciding what turn of phrase to use in an important letter, urging a school board to adopt or not to adopt the teaching of language in elementary schools. Occasionally we consider language in the sphere of art, when we read, interpret, or perhaps create a poem or a novel. These are works that embody in the medium of language the esthetic values of the individual or the community.
〈語句〉 Aristotle アリストテレス concern ourselves with～ ～に関心を持つ turn of phrase 言い回し a school board 教育委員会 esthetic 美的
In further experiments he found that the birds also made allowance for the sun's daily movement across the sky as it rises in the east and sets in the west.
When a driver stops in front of a house in any neighborhood and blows the horn to attract the attention of someone inside the house, it is thoughtless and rude. Why should ten people have to brother to look out the windows of ten houses to find out the horn is nothing to do with team? As a matter of fact, I do not think there necessary for a driver to blow the horn. よければ和訳お願いします
332 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/10/29(水) 19:31:17 ]
A Run for Women's Equality です 明日までに訳さないといけないので、急ではありますがどなたか宜しくお願い致します。
The women's 800-meter race began. Hitomi ran fast. She was in third place 200 meter from the goal. Just then, something happened. Another athlete bumped into Hitomi. She began to fall behind. Hoewver, she wouldn't be beaten. She got her balance again and ran desperately. In no time, she was running close behind Lina Radke from Germany, wha was leading the race. Radke looked back and was surprised to find Hitomi close behind her. She ran faster and Hitomi followed her. They reached the goal one after the other. Radke won the goal and Hitomi the silver. The two were too exhausted to remain standing. The New York Evening Post printed an article titled, "A mistaken idea about Japanese women." It said that nothing surprised them but Hitomi Kinue, who had won a silver medal in the women's 800-meter race. They said, "We still think of Japanese women as beautifully dressed in kimono, and busy with flower arrangements and tea ceremonies. Hitomi Kinue changed out view of Japanese women. We had had a wrong view of them."
I remember vividly the last time I cried. I was twelve years old, in the seventh grade, and I was trying out for the junior high school basketball team.I walked into the gymnasium;there was a piece of paper on the bulletin board. It was a cut list.The seventh-grade coach had put it up on the board. The boys on the list were still on the team;they could keep coming to practices. The boys who were not on the list had been cut;they were no longer needed. My name was not on the list.
336 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/10/29(水) 20:53:27 ]
I did not know the cut was coming that day. I stood and I stared at the list.The coach had not composed it with very much care;the names of the best players were at the top of the list, and the other accepted members were listed below.I kept looking at the bottom of the list, hoping that if I looked hard enough , my name would miraculously appear there.
337 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/10/29(水) 20:57:10 ]
I tried to stay calm as I walked out of the gym and out of the school , but when I got home I began to sob.I could not stop. For the first time in my life, I was told officially that I was not good enough. Sports meant everything to boys of that age;if you were on the team, even as a substitute, it put you in the desirable group. If you were not on the team , you were almost worthless.
I had tried desperately in practice, but the coach never noticed me. It did not matter how hard I tried;he did not want me on the team. I knewthat when I went to school the next morning I would have to face the boys who had not been cut -- the boys who were on the list , who were sitll on the team , who had been judged worthy while I had been judged unworthy.
338 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/10/29(水) 21:01:32 ]
Many years have passed since then , but I still remember that day. And a curious thing has happened:in traveling around the country, I have found that a large number of successful men share that same memory -- the memory of beeing cut from a sports team as a boy. I do not know how the mind works in matters like this;I do not know what happened in my head following that day when I was cut. But I know that for all of my life since that day, I have done more work than I have had to , taken more assignments than I have had to , worked more hours than I have had to. Does all of my effort come from a determination never to be cut again-- never to be told that I am not good enough again? I do not know, but I know the feeling is there.Apparently it is there in a lot of other men, too.
>>310さんじゃないんですが、訳お願いします 同じ文章ばかりでごめんなさい！ The women's 800-meter race began. Hitomi ran fast. She was in third place 200 meter from the goal. Just then, something happened. Another athlete bumped into Hitomi. She began to fall behind. Hoewver, she wouldn't be beaten. She got her balance again and ran desperately. In no time, she was running close behind Lina Radke from Germany, wha was leading the race. Radke looked back and was surprised to find Hitomi close behind her. She ran faster and Hitomi followed her. They reached the goal one after the other. Radke won the goal and Hitomi the silver. The two were too exhausted to remain standing. The New York Evening Post printed an article titled, "A mistaken idea about Japanese women." It said that nothing surprised them but Hitomi Kinue, who had won a silver medal in the women's 800-meter race. They said, "We still think of Japanese women as beautifully dressed in kimono, and busy with flower arrangements and tea ceremonies. Hitomi Kinue changed out view of Japanese women. We had had a wrong view of them."
349 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/10/30(木) 21:31:14 ]
どなたか訳をお願いします。
The year 1963 was the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation. It was truly a great year in American history and in the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. Despite opposition from the governors of Alabama and Mississippi, the president of the United States, John F. Kennedy, authorized federal marshals to help a few black students to enter at the University of Mississippi and the University of Alabama. “Bull” Connor, the head of the police department in Birmingham, Alabama, ordered his officers to turn fire hoses and police dogs on young demonstrators; as television cameras captured this horrible scene, the nation gasped in disbelief and revulsion. Medgar Evers, a thirty-seven-year-old NAACP field secretary in Jackson, Mississippi, was murdered on his front porch on June 12. Riots occurred throughout the summer. The nation stood on the brink of racial civil war. It needed a prophet who could help see through the smoke left by gunpowder and bombs. Martin Luther King, Jr., who published Why We Can’t Wait at this time, was the prophet of the hour. Although many of the phrases and themes that appear in “I Have a Dream” had often been repeated by Dr. King, this is his most well-known speech. He delivered it before the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963, as the keynote address of the March on Washington, D. C., for Civil Rights. Television Cameras allowed the entire nation to hear and see him call for justice and freedom. Mrs. Coretta King once said, “At that moment it seemed as if the Kingdom of God appeared. But it only lasted for a moment.”
350 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/10/30(木) 22:03:55 ]
>>348続きです よろしくおねがいします Hitomi kinue came back to japan to find herself famous. When she arrived at Okayama Station, there where crowds of people waiting to she her. She was, however, not happy, for she had been beaten in the 100meter race, which she had never expected to lose. She was exhausted both mentally and physically. She wondered if she could run again as before. She wonted to retire but couldn't. She was responsible for the training of young women athletes. She made up her mind again to continue her life as an athlete. She tried herd to set new records in track and field and at the some time fought against prejudice against women. Between races, she traveled around Japan and gave speeches on the importance of women's sports. For her, every day was war. She made women's equality in sports her lifelong goal. She died at the age of 24 in 1931.
japan →Japan , there where →there were, waiting to she →waiting to see She wonted → She wanted, She tried herd → She tried hard at the some time → at the same time
But how do you know,before you join the group,whether it is alegitimate group,or a dangerous cult? After all,both Jesus and the Buddha led small groups of homeless,unemployed men. Also the people who recruit members to these groups are quite good at what they do. When you attend your first meeting,you find yourself surrounded by very kind people. The speaker is very gogd,and often says just what you want to hear. Tou will no doubt find an atmosphere of caring,friendship and support.
But the danger signs are there. They will ask you for a donation,or to "help out" by buying something. This is usually a pamphlet or small booklet for which you for personal information,such as your address and phone number,andwhere you if you stop going. They sometimes might gather from time to time at some remote location,such as a campsite or compound. these"retreats" can last for several days, or for a few weeks. Again, the members will usually be separated, adults from children, men from women. Eventually the members will move to a location where they can live together as a community,or "family".
Of course,these and other characteristics are not proof positive that the groups have some of these same characteristics. But remember this*there is nothing in religion that you must do except believe in your faith. We should be very careful about groups that coerce their members to think otherwise.
Hello, I'mSevern Suzuki for the Environmental Children's Organization(ECO). We are a group of twelve-and thirteen-year-olds from Canada trying to make a difference. We raised all the money by our to come six thousand miles to tell you adults that you must change your ways. I am here to speak for all generations to come. I am here to speak for starving children around the world. I am here to speak for the millions of animals dying on this planet because they have nowhere to go. I am afraid to go out in sun now because of the ozone hole. I am afraid to breathe the air because I don't know what chemicals are in it. I used to go fishing in Vancouver with my father until we found fish full of cancers just a few years ago. Now we hear about animals and plants going extinct every day-vanishing forever.
In the 17th century, Dutch people started to immigrate to America. At that time, most Dutch immigrants lived in the town of New Amsterdam, which is now New York. The Dutch in New Amesterdam celebrated Saint Nicholas Day in the same way as they had done back back in their home countury. In this way, the tradition of giving presents on that day also became a custom in America. In fact, the name "Santa Claus" comes from the Dutch "Sinterklaas," meaning Saint Nicholas. プロビジョンレッスン８の２後半よろしくお願いします
369 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/01(土) 20:42:37 ]
Right after graduating from high school, Konishiki came to Japan for the first time. He wanted to be a sumo wrestler, and he was surprised because everything was different.He entered the sumo world and faced many difficulties. One of them was speaking Japanese. He studied by himself with a travel guide book."I thought that I could speak basic Japanese after one year, but when I spoke to someone outside the sumo-beya , they could not understand me. Because I used a lot of sumo terms,"he says , smiling. Life in the sumo-beya was much harder than learning the language. "If you have a difficult problem at the work place, at least you can go home at the end of the day.But we had to spend 24 hours together at the sumo-beya," says Konishiki.The young wrestler's day started from early morning training.It was unbelievably busy with cleaning ,meal preparations , as well as assisting the older sumo wrestlers with training and washing their clothes.
370 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/01(土) 20:48:24 ]
He thinks that overcoming such hardships depends on an individual's strenghth. "You need to change the difficulty into energy." He enjoyed hardships and overcame them. "The world of sumo is simple.Winning makes you go up." He set a target each time , and as a result , he left behind a brilliant wrestling record, including three championship titles.
In addition to his own efforts , Hawaii was always a source of inspiration."I was able to do my best because of my family, and the people around me." He turned that thought into reality by establishing the Konishiki Kids Foundation in 1996 when he was still a sumo wrestler. He started the program for the children in Oahu on the Waianae Coast. Since then, 175 kids have come to Japan through the program to experience Japanese culture. "I believe that experiencing a different culture and seeing a different way of life can allow them to dream and think , 'I can do it , if I do my best.'"
371 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/01(土) 20:52:49 ]
Although the kids of Waianae are poor, they are independent. It is natural for them to do household chores , so he was surprised to learn many Japanese children do not clean their rooms , or the bathroom , or do laundry."Probably , their parents want the children to study rather than do household chores. In Waianae , though , kids respect their parents above all , " Konishiki says. So he feels a sense of crisis in relationships between children and adults in Japan.
His favorite world is "power" nad he used it to name his office, KP("KONISHIKI power"). "I can help people because I have power, and I can be helped by their power. But power can be good or bad depending on how it is used. There are some people who might use power in a negative way. But power can meke us gentle. I want to use my power in such a way for all humanity."
ヴォイジャーリーディング リッスン１０ パート３です In early July, Margot Frank received a notice in the mail telling her she had to go to a labor camp. Otto Frank immediately contacted Miep. Early the next morning they made their move. Miep brought Margot to the secret rooms. The rest of the group followed a short time later. And so began 25 moths of hiding. The two families in the hiding place suffered in many ways. Miep also had problems of her own. Every morning she had to get to the office before the other workers arrived. Quickly she went up to the secret rooms, where her friends gave her a list of the food they needed. Then later each day, Miep went shopping. She tried to appear casual when she walked into a store to get food. After a while, Miep began to trust one particular grocer. He never asked questions, but filled her orders as best he could. Miep believed he understood what she was doing and supported her. But one day when she entered his shop, the grocer was not there. She was told that he was arrested because he had been hiding two Jews. Miep is heart raced. She was very afraid. She knew it could just as easily have been she who had been discovered. In addition, she knew that now it would be harder than ever to get food for the people in the hiding place.
The most terrible diseases are those perceived as threatening not only to life but also to human dignity.
But animals remain constant in their affection for people with AIDS even if human relationships are lost to fear arising from lack of knowledge.
Carmack's study also puts emphasis on the role of stress reduction that pets can play.
This favorable effect of pet ownership occurred mainly among individuals with few social contacts, which suggests that establishing a social environment with pet animals may help reduce stressful impact of AIDS.
Elizabeth Manor, a nurse at Choate Hospital in Massachusetts, reported the welcoming effects pet animals bring about are not only observed by the patients, but also by the staff who take care of them.
Pet animals make the stressful job of care-giving more pleasant.
Their presence contributes to a peaceful and home-like environment in nursing homes.
In addition, animals in nursing homes make it more likely that family members will come to visit their sick relatives.
↑追加で For people with AIDS, pets are perceived as a major, and sometimes their only, source of support, and they begin to feel prepared to deal with stress.
もお願いします＞＜
376 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/02(日) 09:47:27 ]
There are several drugs that can be used to treat malaria. Chloroquine was the main one for many years, but malaria parasites in some areas have developed immunity to this drug, and so it is ineffective in these places. Also, many people infected with malaria live in poor, isolated areas with no access to drugs or no money to buy them. Malaria can be prevented by taking drugs-usually smaller doses of the drugs used to treat the disease. However, this is rarely practicable for the inhabitants of malarial areas because of their cost and the possible side effects of long-term use. The use of these drugs is normally restricted to affluent visitors to malaria-prone regions. Draining swampy areas in southern Europe and the U.S. where mosquitoes breed has reduced or eliminated mosquitoes in some areas. Insecticides have also been effective, but they have long-term effects on the environment. In the mid-20th century, there were hopes that malaria, like smallpox, could be completely eliminated, but this is now thought to be impossible.
377 名前：名無しさん＠英語勉強中 [2008/11/02(日) 09:48:24 ]
続きです
Many medical researchers think that the best way to defeat malaria is by the development of an effective vaccine against the parasite. Researchers have been working toward this goal for over 40 years, but the task has been a lot more difficult than originally thought. The genome sequence of the most deadly malaria parasite was determined in 2002, and it is hoped this will help the development of new vaccines. No completely effective vaccine is yet available. The most effective one at the moment is an American vaccine tested on over 2,000 children in Mozambique. It reduces the risk of infection by 30 percent and the severity of infection by 50 percent. It is still in the trial stage. Researchers expect it to be released for general use in 2010. Breakthroughs in medical research don't happen overnight. They take years of testing and developing untill they are safe to use. In the meantime, millions suffer from malaria every year.
The National Park Service Volunteers-In-Parks (VIP) Program was officially started in 1970. The primary purpose of the VIP program is to pro-vide a way (which/ through which) the National Park Service can accept voluntary help and services from the public. The main purpose of this pro-gram is to use this voluntary help to benefit both the National Park Service and the volunteer. Volunteers are accepted from the public without regard to race, religion, age, sex, nationality, or disability. Volunteering is an American tradition that over the years has made a great contribution to communities, organizations and individuals throughout the country. A recent survey found that over one-third of the American pub-lic has been or is now a volunteer. Over half of the people now doing volun-teer work are also employed in full or part-time jobs. Today’s volunteers are active, dynamic, creative individuals of all ages who have the skills, desire, patience and time to accomplish a wide variety of tasks. Our volunteers are, (on the contrary/ without a doubt/ at best), Very Important People! Each year more than 120,000 volunteers provide over 4,000,000 hours of service in the U.S. national parks. Our volunteers come from every state and nearly every country in the world. They help preserve and protect America’s natural and cultural heritage, for the enjoyment of both present and future generations. Young and old alike use their time and skills to assist our paid staff in achieving our national mission.
The prize winner that has won the most times is the International Committee of the Red Cross. This organization has received three Nobel Peace Prizes（in 1917,1944,and 1963）,and the founder, Jean Henri Dunant, was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prizes, in 1901. これの訳をお願い致しますm(_ _)m
It is more and more clear that the past was not one long period of green wisdom. Research shows that primitive peoples modified their environment in many ways through building , migrating , farming , and keeping animals. Even Native Americans , favorites of romantic environmentalism, turn out to have burned , over-hunted , and in some cases used up their forests. This is not a reason to blame people who lived before our time, but it is a good reason to realize that the whole blame game is of limited usefulness.
