【Y-DNA】ハプログループで語るスレ44【mtDNA】

【Y-DNA】ハプログループで語るスレ44【mtDNA】 at GEO

346:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/06 22:25:17.85 +1umsJxx0.net
台湾からマダガスカルまで行ったからな
まあ、Dより後の時代だが

347:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/07 21:08:19.05 DoiD+ZRr0.net
ジョン・F・ケネディとマリリン・モンローのDNA。
アメリカのTV番組より。
URLﾘﾝｸ(m.youtube.com)

348:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/08 03:41:40.44 DxQHtGlT0.net
7000年前の人類に起きた奇妙な出来事。
子孫を残せる男性が激減、女性17人に対してたった1人。
その理由とは？
2018/06/05 09:00
男性の数は減らずに子孫を残せる男性の数が激減
　アメリカ・アリゾナ州立大学のコンピューター生物学者、
メリッサ・ウイルソン・セイヤーズらの研究グループによる
モデル解析によると、この謎めいた現象を引き起こしたのは、
父系クラン（集団）同士の戦争が原因だという。
だが、新石器時代におけるY染色体ボトルネック（障害）は、
2015年の発見以来、謎になっている。
それは、父親から息子にだけ受け継がれる遺伝子のY染色体だけに
見られるものなので、男性にのみ影響が現われるからだ。
これは環境というより、社会的な要因を示していて、
１万2000年から8000年前に、人類が父系構造から農耕文化へ
と移行した時期に、社会が再編されたことと関係がありそうだ。
実際は、遺伝子的多様性の減少は必ずしも人口の減少を
意味するわけではない。
男性の数はまったく同じなのに、子孫を残せる男性の数が
減ったということなのだ。
これは2015年に論文を執筆した科学者たちが提唱した
シナリオのひとつだ。
「生物学的感覚で"もっとも適したものが生き残る"のではなく、
富や権力の蓄積が、限られた数の"社会的に適合した"男性や
その息子たちの生殖成功数を増加させた可能性があるかもしれない」と。
URLﾘﾝｸ(karapaia.com)

349:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/08 03:48:04.14 DxQHtGlT0.net
Cultural hitchhiking and competition between patrilineal kin groups
explain the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck
Tian Chen Zeng, Alan J. Aw & Marcus W. Feldman
Nature Communicationsvolume 9, Article number: 2077(2018)
doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04375-6
Download Citation
AnthropologyEvolutionary geneticsEvolutionary theory
Received:
20 November 2017
Accepted:
24 April 2018
Published:
25 May 2018
Abstract
In human populations, changes in genetic variation are driven
not only by genetic processes, but can also arise from cultural or
social changes. An abrupt population bottleneck specific to
human males has been inferred across several Old World
(Africa, Europe, Asia) populations 5000–7000 BP. Here,
bringing together anthropological theory, recent population
genomic studies and mathematical models, we propose
a sociocultural hypothesis, involving the formation of patrilineal
kin groups and intergroup competition among these groups.
Our analysis shows that this sociocultural hypothesis
can explain the inference of a population bottleneck.
We also show that our hypothesis is consistent with current findings
from the archaeogenetics of Old World Eurasia, and
is important for conceptions of cultural and social evolution in prehistory.
URLﾘﾝｸ(www.nature.com)

350:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/08 08:21:18.66 v+S4bJLSF.net
All Japanese emperors and shoguns and most daimyo shared
the same Y-DNA lineage
The Emperors of Japan belonged to haplogroup D1b1a2 based
on the tests of various descendants. Another presumed descendant
of the imperial family tested at samples of many Japanese genoms
and also belonged to that haplogroup, and more precisely to the
D-Z1504 subclade. Many database claimed that 6 million Japanese men
(10% of the male population of Japan) carry the same Y-DNA lineage
as the Imperial family and that they share a common ancestor
about 1000 years ago.
Many medieval emperors had illegitimate offspring (Emperor Saga
alone fathered 49 children), who were bestowed the surnames
Minamoto (Genji), Taira (Heike) or Tachibana, who in turn became
powerful aristocratic clans of their own. The Minamoto and
Taira became the ancestors of dozens of samurai clans (see below),
while the Tachibana became one of the four most powerful kuge
(court nobility) families in Japan's Nara and early Heian periods.
A few samurai clans descend from Japanese emperors through
imperial princes. This is the case of the Asakura clan.
I have made my own research and found that the Minamoto are
the patrilineal ancestors of daimyo clans such as the Akamatsu,
Akechi, Amago, Ashikaga (Muromachi-era shoguns), Hatakeyama,
Hosokawa, Ikeda, Imagawa, Kitabatake, Kuroda, Matsudaira, Miyoshi,
Mogami, Mori, Nanbu, Nitta, Ogasawara, Ota, Rokkaku, Sakai,
Sasaki, Satake, Satomi, Shiba, Shimazu, Takeda, Toki, Tokugawa
(Edo-era shoguns), and Tsuchiya. A few kuge (court aristocracy)
families also descend from the Minamoto, such as the Koga.
If this is correct, it could mean that all Japanese emperors and
a great number of daimyo (feudal lords) and samurai families
would have belonged to haplogroup D1b1a2, if non-paternity
events did not occur.

351:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/08 08:25:01.75 v+S4bJLSF.net
The Taira clan descends from four 9th-century emperors
(Kanmu, Ninmyo, Montoku and Koko) and were the ancestors
of several daimyo families such as the Ashina, Chiba, Hojo
(Kamakura-era shoguns), Miura, Soma, and Oda (whose most
famous member was Oda Nobunaga, who started the reunification
of Japan during the Sengoku period).
Only a few daimyo clans did not descend from the Y-DNA line
of the Imperial family. Most, however, descend from the Fujiwara family,
who intermarried with the Imperial family almost every generation during
the Heian period(794-1185) and therefore can be considered
the same family (the maternal branch). The Fujiwara clan customarily
served as regents and ministers (sadaijin and udaijin), which allowed
them to dominate Japanese politics throughout the Heian period.
Their descendant remained court nobles until 1945. Only a few notable
samurai families descend from the Fujiwara Y-DNA line.
These include the Adachi, Ashikaga (Fujiwara), Azai, Date, Gamo,
Honda, Ii, Ito, Niwa, Tsugaru, Uesugi and Utsunomiya. Among
them the Date and Uesugi in eastern and northern Honshu distinguished
themselves during the Sengoku period. The HTsugaruonda and
Ii were retainers of the Matsudaira/Tokugawa clan and became
powerful after Tokugawa Ieyasu established the last shogunate.
At least many descendants from the Fujiwara clan tested their Y-DNA
at samples of many Japanese genoms and all belonged to
haplogroup O1b2a1 (formerly known as O2b1a), and more specifically
to O-47Z(aka CTS10674 or CTS11986).
This haplogroup is found in 24% of the Japanese population.
Y-full list a few deeper branches but more research is needed
to determine the deep clade associated specifically with the Fujiwara.

352:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/08 08:28:23.41 v+S4bJLSF.net
I could only find a handful of notable daimyo clans that didn't descend
either from the Imperial lineage or from the Fujiwara lineage.
The most prominent was the Mori clan (not to be confused with
the Mori clan above), who were descended from the Oe,
a court aristocratic lineage from the Heian period related
by marriage to the Imperial family.
Another one was the Abe clan, one of the oldest in Japan,
said to be one of the original clans of the Yamato people.
The Hata clan is equally old and was founded by Chinese immigrants
with the surname Qin (秦 ; Hata being the Japanese reading
of that Chinese character) during the Kofun period (250-538).
They became the ancestors of a number of samurai clans, such as
the Akizuki, Chosokabe, Kawakatsu and Tamura. Descendant testing
at many database showed that that lineaged belonged to
haplogroup O2a2b1a1 (formerly known as O3a2c1a), the most common
lineage among Han Chinese, and specifically to the O-CTS10738
subclade found in both China and Japan.
During the Sengoku period, there was also the Saito clan (founded
by a merchant who seized power in Mino province and became
Oda Nobunaga's father-in-law) and the Toyotomi clan, founded
by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Oda Nobunaga's general who gradually
rose in power a peasant family. They were recent parvenus whose
lineage didn't last more than a few generations.

353:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/08 08:32:07.07 v+S4bJLSF.net
It all looks like a big family feud between different branches of
the Imperial family vying for supremacy and never leaving any
space for outsiders (except very briefly as with Toyotomi Hideyoshi).
What is amazing is that all the famous samurai in history were members
of the imperial paternal lineage, and that basically the same family
controlled every aspect of society in Japan, from religious (emperor) to
cultural and socio-economic (ministers and court nobles) to military
(daimyo) for over 1000 years, since Japan exists as a unified country.
Many of these aristocratic and samurai families still play an important
role today, as politicians or presidents/chairmans of companies
or organisations. For example, Morihiro Hosokawa, the head of
the Hosokawa clan, served as Prime Minister of Japan in 1993-94.
It's approximately 1000 years, which corresponds to the Heian period,
when emperors were particularly prolific sexually.
The Taira clan dates back to the 9th century. The Minamoto clan started
with Emperor Saga (also in the 9th century) who had 49 children.
18 emperors gave the Minamoto surname to their illegitimate offspring
between the 9th and 17th centuries, but the most successfully lineage
by far was the one descending from Emperor Seiwa (Seiwa Genji branch
of the Minamoto) who included most of the daimyo clans listed
above under Minamoto. Many of them descend from the Ashikaga shoguns
(e.g. the Hosokawa, Imagawa, Hatakeyama, Shiba, Mogami, Takeda,
Ogasawara, Nitta, Matsudaira, Tokugawa, Kira, Hachisuke, Ueno, Sakurai, etc.).
Only the Nitta branch of the Ashikaga spawned the Tokugawa, Matsudaira,
Yamana, Wakiya, Horiguchi, Odachi, Iwamatsu and Sakai.
There are so many surnames because every time a cadet branch moves
to a new fief, they adopt the name of the village/town where they settle.

354:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/08 11:08:58.52 EWKSkiS2H
どう考えても天孫族がD系な訳ないだろうｗ

355:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/09 19:49:46.04 I1JJn5tb0.net
コッチがIP表示か
失礼

356:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/09 19:51:31.88 I1JJn5tb0.net
裏スジスレなんかほっときゃいいのに
有名人のハプログループ管理人が無知を晒して暴れているようですが

357:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 13:57:30.37 /449Fddx0.net
結局D1bはアンダマン発祥でO1b2が満州発祥ってことでいいの？

358:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 17:09:29.61 bPw0h90i0.net
O は元々コーカソイドだよ

359:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 17:58:35.12 A4Dh9rTc0.net
>>358
コーカソイドのOなんて、どこに居るん？ｗ

360:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 18:13:33.88 bPw0h90i0.net
黄河文明人はコーカソイドのO2だよ

361:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 18:15:28.69 bPw0h90i0.net
南方の黒いのと混血して O はモンゴロイド風に変化したんだ
元々、西域や華北にはコーカソイドしかいなかったんだよ

362:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 18:22:45.50 bPw0h90i0.net
中国語は英語に一番近いし
漢字は楔型文字の一種
麦作はメソポタミアから伝わったものだから
華北の O はメソポタミア系のコーカソイドだよ

363:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 18:51:45.46 A4Dh9rTc0.net
メソポタミア系は日本やチベットのDでしょ？

364:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 19:07:31.16 bPw0h90i0.net
メソポタミア農耕文明を興したのはY-DNA「J」系の「J2」

365:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 19:14:13.15 bPw0h90i0.net
J は中東のハプログループで、北方のJ2と南方のJ1に分かれる。

・J2はメソポタミア北部で誕生し、西はアナトリアからヨーロッパ南部、東はペルシアからインドまで広がっていった。
古代のエトルリア人・ミノア人・アナトリア人（南方）・ポエニ人・アッシリア人・バビロニア人がそれに当たる。
・J2はギリシャに数多く見られ、特にJ2bはギリシャで誕生したと思われる。
また、J2aが最も集中しているのはクレタ島であり、この地に起源を持つものだろう。
興味深いことに、J2aはインドのカースト上位者にも多く見られる。
バラモンは主にR1a・R2・J2aで構成されている。
これら3つのハプログループがアーリア人の侵入における遺伝子の移動経路を示している。

・J1はアラビア半島の人々のほとんどに見られ、中でも72%に達するイエメンが発祥の地と思われる。
中世のイスラム人の侵攻によって中東・アフリカ北部からスペイン南部まで広がった。

366:名無しさん＠お腹いっぱい。
18/06/12 19:30:03.98 u91cLrv8T
ユダヤの民はE系？
ユダヤの民は日本にも大勢やって来たと言われるけれど
日本に来たのはO2だけ？